08/11/2026
I’ve been posting a lot about fashion, etiquette, language and those tiny social rules we pick up along the way, so I thought I’d explain some of the theory behind WHY I find this stuff so fascinating.
One of the things I was introduced to in fashion school was that fashion isn’t simply about clothes. We studied the social and cultural forces behind what people wear, how we develop taste, why certain things become status symbols and how clothing can communicate belonging before someone ever says a word. That brings me to French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and his concept of cultural capital.
You’ve probably heard, “It’s not what you know, it’s who you know.” Bourdieu didn’t invent that saying, but his work gives us a much more interesting framework for understanding it. He argued that money isn’t the only form of “capital” that can give people advantages in society.
Economic capital = what you HAVE: money, property, income and assets. Cultural capital = what you KNOW: education, vocabulary, manners, tastes, skills and familiarity with the unwritten rules of different environments. Social capital = WHO you know: relationships, networks, connections and the access those relationships can provide.
And they often work together. What you know can affect who you meet. Who you know can create opportunities. Those opportunities can eventually affect what you have.
Fashion is one of the easiest places to see this. Having enough money to buy an $8,000 handbag demonstrates purchasing power. But recognizing exceptional construction, understanding fabrics, reading a dress code correctly, knowing when a huge logo works—or when understatement communicates more—and feeling comfortable in different social environments require a different kind of knowledge. That’s cultural capital.
It also helps explain something I’ve noticed throughout my career: expensive and sophisticated are NOT automatically the same thing. Someone can spend $20,000 on an outfit and completely misunderstand the occasion. Someone else can spend a fraction of that and look perfectly appropriate because they understand fit, proportion, fabric and context. Neither person is “better.” That isn’t the point. The interesting question is: how did we learn these distinctions in the first place?
Looking back at my own upbringing, this makes so much sense to me. There were things I was taught that I honestly assumed everyone knew—how to dress for different occasions, table manners, presentation, language and how to conduct yourself in certain environments. Nobody called it “cultural capital.” It was simply how I was raised.
Bourdieu had another concept that helps explain this: habitus. In very simplified terms, habitus describes the deeply ingrained habits, dispositions and ways of seeing the world that develop through our upbringing and experiences. It helps explain why one person can walk into a certain environment and instinctively feel comfortable while another feels like everyone else received a rulebook they somehow missed.
But here’s the part I think matters most: the rulebook doesn’t have to remain secret. You can learn dress codes. You can learn etiquette. You can study fabrics and construction. You can expand your vocabulary. You can learn about art, history, food, travel or whatever world interests you. Exposure and education matter.
That’s one reason I enjoy teaching the WHY behind fashion instead of simply saying, “Wear this.” Fashion is much bigger than clothing. It intersects with psychology, history, economics, sociology, identity, culture and class.
So maybe “It’s not what you know, it’s who you know” leaves out a huge part of the story.
It’s what you have, what you know, who you know—and what you learned so early that you don’t even realize you know it.
That’s Bourdieu. And once you understand it, you start seeing it EVERYWHERE. 👀