26/08/2026
Two new open-access meta-analyses in the Journal of Retailing examine a shared question:
How does retailing effectiveness vary across the customer journey?
🔹 Testing the effects of augmented and virtual reality attributes on the customer journey in online retailing: A meta-analysis
Authors: Minghao Li, Ruolan Chen, Markus Blut, Ruizhi Yuan, and Bo Huang
Based on 1,626 effect sizes from 126 independent samples (N = 36,386), the study shows that different AR/VR attributes matter at different stages of the customer journey:
• Immersion is most strongly associated with prepurchase outcomes
• Vividness is most strongly associated with purchase outcomes
• Presence and interactivity are especially important for post-purchase outcomes
The study also identifies important customer, product, retailer, interface, and time-related boundary conditions.
Read the full article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022435926000801
🔹 Understanding Loyalty Program Effectiveness across the Customer Journey: A Meta-Analysis
Authors:Ruolan Chen, Heiner Evanschitzky, and Markus Blut
Drawing on 434 effect sizes from 78 independent samples, this study finds that loyalty program membership is positively associated with outcomes throughout the customer journey, with the strongest effects occurring at the purchase stage.
Importantly, loyalty program design and product type shape effectiveness differently across journey stages—and some moderators even reverse their effects depending on the stage examined.
Read the full article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022435926000758
Together, these studies highlight an important takeaway: Retail strategies should not be evaluated as having one uniform effect. Their value depends on where customers are in the journey and the specific outcomes retailers seek to influence.