11/01/2026
todayinhistorybuff
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Today in 1720, “Calico Jack” Rackham is captured by British privateers. Not much is known about Rackham’s early life, including his date and place of birth, though it is known that he originated from England. His namesake is earned from his desired clothing choice, which often consisted of calico patterns. Around 1718, at the height of the Golden Age of Piracy, he operated as a quartermaster on the ship of another pirate, the infamous Charles Vane. Under Vane’s command, Rackham and the crew headquartered in the Bahamas, but pirated as far north as New York City. When the crew encountered a French man-of-war outside of New York, Rackham proposed an attack, but Vane opposed.
As a result, Rackham led a mutiny against Vane, and became Captain. Rackham also befriended two famed female pirates - Anne Bonny and Mary Read; the former, he established a relationship with, while the latter was originally disguised as a man. On October 31, 1720, Rackham, Bonny, Read, and the crew were engaged by the British forces of Jonathan Barnett near Negril, Jamaica. Barnett suffered no casualties, while Rackham and company were captured. At the trial, Rackham, Bonny, and Read were all found guilty, and sentenced to death. Bonny and Read claimed pregnancy, however, and had their executions stayed.
Rackham was executed by hanging on November 18, 1720. His body was subsequently gibbeted (placed on display) outside of Port Royal, Jamaica. Read passed away in prison in 1721, most likely from childbirth. Bonny, on the other hand, disappeared from the historical record after this, with no documentation to continue her story. Since his death, Rackham has been credited with the creation of the popular “Jolly Roger” pirate flag, and he has been fictionalized in various media portrayals.