03/30/2026
1. Antihypertensive Drugs
πΉ A. ACE Inhibitors
Examples: Enalapril, Lisinopril, Captopril
β’ Mechanism: β Angiotensin II β Vasodilation
β’ Indications: Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy
β’ Side effects: Dry cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
β’ Contraindications: Pregnancy, bilateral renal artery stenosis
πΉ B. ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers)
Examples: Losartan, Valsartan
β’ Mechanism: Block Angiotensin II receptors
β’ Use: Alternative to ACE inhibitors
β’ Side effects: Hyperkalemia (no cough)
πΉ C. Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)
β’ Dihydropyridines: Amlodipine, Nifedipine
β’ Non-DHP: Verapamil, Diltiazem
β’ Mechanism: Block CaΒ²βΊ entry
β’ Indications: Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias
β’ Side effects: Edema, bradycardia
πΉ D. Beta Blockers
Examples: Propranolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol
β’ Mechanism: β HR & BP
β’ Indications: HTN, angina, HF, arrhythmias
β’ Side effects: Bradycardia, fatigue, bronchospasm
πΉ E. Diuretics
β’ Thiazides: Hydrochlorothiazide (first-line HTN)
β’ Loop: Furosemide (heart failure)
β’ KβΊ-sparing: Spironolactone
β’ Side effects: Electrolyte imbalance
πΉ F. Vasodilators
Examples: Hydralazine, Minoxidil
β’ Use: Resistant hypertension
β’ Side effects: Reflex tachycardia
β€οΈ 2. Antianginal Drugs
πΉ Nitrates (Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate)
β’ β NO β Vasodilation
β’ Use: Acute angina
β’ Side effects: Headache, hypotension
πΉ Beta-blockers & CCBs
β’ Reduce myocardial oxygen demand
β’ Useful in chronic and variant angina
π 3. Heart Failure Drugs
β’ ACE inhibitors / ARBs β Improve survival
β’ Beta-blockers β Slow progression
β’ Diuretics β Reduce fluid overload
β’ Digoxin β β Contractility (watch toxicity)
β‘ 4. Antiarrhythmic Drugs
β’ Class I: NaβΊ blockers (Lidocaine, Quinidine)
β’ Class II: Beta-blockers (Metoprolol)
β’ Class III: KβΊ blockers (Amiodarone)
β’ Class IV: CCBs (Verapamil)
β’ Others: Adenosine (acute cases)
π©Έ 5. Antiplatelet Drugs
Examples: Aspirin, Clopidogrel
β’ Prevent platelet aggregation
β’ Use: MI & stroke prevention
β’ Risk: Bleeding
π 6. Anticoagulants
β’ Heparin β Rapid
β’ Warfarin β Long-term oral
β’ DOACs β Apixaban, Rivaroxaban
β’ Use: DVT, PE, AF
β’ Risk: Bleeding
π 7. Thrombolytics
Examples: Streptokinase, Alteplase
β’ Dissolve clots
β’ Use: Acute MI, stroke
β’ Risk: Severe bleeding
𧬠8. Lipid-Lowering Drugs
πΉ Statins (Atorvastatin, Simvastatin)
β’ β Cholesterol synthesis
β’ Side effects: Liver toxicity, myopathy
πΉ Fibrates (Gemfibrozil)
β’ β Triglycerides
βοΈ 9. Miscellaneous
β’ Alpha-blockers: Prazosin (HTN)
β’ Central agents: Methyldopa (safe in pregnancy)
β’ Ivabradine: β Heart rate
π Quick Clinical Guide
β Hypertension β Thiazides, ACEIs, CCBs
β Heart Failure β ACEIs, Beta-blockers, Diuretics
β Angina β Nitrates, Beta-blockers
β Arrhythmias β Amiodarone, Beta-blockers
β MI Prevention β Aspirin, Statins
