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Emotion tableThe transfer of emotions in anime is an occasion for a separate discussion. In addition to the traditional ...
03/05/2022

Emotion table
The transfer of emotions in anime is an occasion for a separate discussion. In addition to the traditional for anime types of manifestation of feelings by a character - a change in facial expression or tone of voice, a number of other techniques are used. Emotions can be depicted in an emphatically unrealistic, exaggerated way - the characters speak with their eyes closed to convey peremptoryness, or take on a picturesquely demonic appearance when they show anger. In comedic situations, in order to show the frivolity of feelings, pictograms are used, such as the picture of “droplets of sweat” or “swollen veins” that appear on top of the hero’s head, or in a frame above it.

Since anime series are usually shown on television with a frequency of about an episode per week, a staff of a writer, d...
03/05/2022

Since anime series are usually shown on television with a frequency of about an episode per week, a staff of a writer, director, designer, and several dozen animators are involved in their creation. In addition, so-called “limited animation techniques” are used to keep within the release schedule, if possible, without loss of quality. They include redrawing certain parts of the picture while keeping most of the picture unchanged, static backgrounds, simplified forms of conveying emotions.

Other attributes of appearance, such as clothes and hair, usually testify to the character of the character[45]. Hair in...
03/05/2022

Other attributes of appearance, such as clothes and hair, usually testify to the character of the character[45]. Hair in anime is usually made up of strands. Characters' hairstyles can have a variety of, sometimes outlandish, shapes and colors. Hair, as well as the details of the characters' clothing, are often subject to wind or inertia, forcing them to move out of sync when the character moves. Hair of different colors was originally a way to "personalize" the characters, to make them noticeably different. Today, when the images of the characters are worked out down to the smallest details of the face and demeanor, multi-colored hair is not a necessity, but rather a tradition. In addition, hair color often reflects the character's personality[44]. For example, red hair is a characteristic indicator of irascibility (Asuka from Evangelion, Lina Inverse from Slayers). The blond hair also indicates the hero's foreign origin, as most J*panese people have dark hair[46]. Separately, bleached hair is worth mentioning as part of the bully or eccentric stereotype - it was already mentioned above that the vast majority of J*panese people have dark hair, and bleaching is the most effective way for someone to stand out from the crowd at school and on the street. Usually when creating an anime, no more than 250 primary colors are used[

When drawing eyes, light and dark shades are usually used simultaneously[43]. In the eyes, you can often make a conclusi...
03/05/2022

When drawing eyes, light and dark shades are usually used simultaneously[43]. In the eyes, you can often make a conclusion about the character as a whole. They usually reflect the age, degree of openness of the character, as well as his emotional state[8][44]. Positive, cheerful, friendly protagonists are often depicted with large, brilliant, full of life eyes; closed, gloomy or negative eyes are narrowed, sometimes half-closed or shaded with bangs - they are often drawn like the eyes of some vigilant bird of prey or snake; cunning or emphatically polite characters have fox eyes - as if closed all the time, as if the character is constantly smiling, but ordinary dormouse can have approximately the same shape; if the character is not romantic, but not evil, cunning or withdrawn, artists can provide him with rather large eyes, but with small pupils-dots; in addition, if a character is suddenly deprived of a will or even a soul by a magical method, his eyes lose their luster and become lifeless - all glare disappears from them. In children, the eyes are usually depicted as very large, while the elderly (with extremely rare exceptions) have small eyes, with a small pupil. Glasses are an additional means of expressiveness, being an indispensable attribute of erudite (as opposed to eccentric geniuses), various prudes or otaku guys. Glasses are black, colored or deliberately shiny, of various shapes and sizes, adorn the faces of perhaps one-quarter of all famous anime characters, being their very highlight.

One of the main features of the anime drawing is the unnaturally large eyes of the characters[38][39]. The current style...
03/05/2022

One of the main features of the anime drawing is the unnaturally large eyes of the characters[38][39]. The current style was strongly influenced by Western animation traditions - Osamu Tezuka, considered the founder of this style, was inspired by American cartoon characters such as Betty Boop, Mickey Mouse and Bambi[10][40]. Anime characters stand out not so much for the size of their eyes, but for the attention paid to detailing the eyes in relation to the rest of the face. The nose and mouth are usually depicted with several wavy lines, except when the character is speaking[41]. However, there are works that use "realistic" drawing - the nose, mouth and cheekbones, as well as other details of the face are depicted and shaded with greater accuracy[42], for example, in the 1998 anime film "Werewolves" ("Jin Roh: The Wolf Brigade).

The animation of J*pan differs from the animation of other countries, first of all, in that it is a developing closed cu...
03/05/2022

The animation of J*pan differs from the animation of other countries, first of all, in that it is a developing closed cultural layer, which includes many unique plot and ideological symbols, patterns, stereotypes and types. The simplest examples are genres specific to anime, such as mecha, which live by their own laws, or elements of J*panese culture that are often reflected in anime[36].
Anime stands out among the animation of other countries for its relevance in J*panese society[35]. This also determines the general orientation of a certain proportion of works to a more adult audience, which is expressed in greater attention to the philosophical and ideological components, the predominance of "adult" motives in the subject matter, and, in particular, the lesser taboo on the topics of s*x and violence in culture as a whole.

Most anime is created with a specific, sometimes rather narrow, target audience in mind. The division criteria can be gender, age, psychological type of the viewer. The meta-genre chosen in this way sets the general direction of the work, influencing its plot, ideas, and even the manner of depiction. Children's (kodomo) anime makes up the majority of all animation products produced in J*pan, but more "adult" works are popular outside the country.

Osamu Tezuka pioneered the tradition of modern anime and laid the foundations for what would later become modern anime s...
02/05/2022

Osamu Tezuka pioneered the tradition of modern anime and laid the foundations for what would later become modern anime series. For example, Tezuka borrowed from Disney and developed a style of using characters' large eyes to convey emotion; it was under his leadership that the first works appeared that can be attributed to the early anime[29]. Tezuka's first work was the manga Shin Takarajima. Subsequently, he created a manga called Tetsuwan Atomu (Astro Boy), which brought him success[30]. By the 1970s, manga had grown in popularity, with many titles being animated. Tezuka has often been called a "legend"[31] and "the god of manga and anime"[32][33] due to his work.
For almost a century of history, anime has come a long way from the first experiments in animation, Tezuka's films to the current huge popularity around the world. Over the years, the plots of anime, originally aimed at children, have become more complex, the issues discussed have become more serious.

The history of anime originates in the 20th century, when J*panese filmmakers begin the first experiments with animation...
02/05/2022

The history of anime originates in the 20th century, when J*panese filmmakers begin the first experiments with animation techniques invented in the West[10]. The oldest known surviving J*panese animation, Katsudo Shashin is only 3 seconds long[19]. One of the earliest anime was Namakura Gatana, a two-minute comedy film shown in 1917, in which a samurai is about to test his new sword, but is defeated by a city dweller[20][21]. The pioneers in the field of J*panese animation were Shimokawa Oten[en], Junichi Kochi and Seitaro Kitayama[en][22]. One of the most popular and accessible methods at that time was the cut-out animation technique, used by animators such as Sanae Yamamoto, Yasuji Murata[en] and Noboro Ofuji[en]. Later, the technique of appliqué animation also spread[23]. Other animators, such as Kenzo Masaoka and Mitsuyo Seo[en], also achieved success in the development of animation techniques, using, in particular, animated films for educational and propaganda purposes[24]. The first sound anime was Masaoka's 1933 short film Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka[en][25][26]. By 1940, organizations of cartoonists and artists began to form, such as Shin Mangaha Shudan and Shin Nippon Mangaka. At that time, anime was actively used as a means of state propaganda[27]. One of the first animated feature films was Mitsuyo Seo's 1945 Momotarou: Umi no Shinpei; The film was sponsored by the Imperial J*panese Navy.

The word "anime" comes from the English word animation (J*p. アニメーション [anime: sen], Russian "animation") and has the same...
02/05/2022

The word "anime" comes from the English word animation (J*p. アニメーション [anime: sen], Russian "animation") and has the same root with it[1][9]. In J*panese transcription, the word animation is difficult and long to pronounce, and therefore it was replaced by the shorter and more familiar J*panese word "anime", consisting of closed phonemes. There is another explanation, according to which the J*panese replaced the word animation, which can be translated from English as "animation", to "anime", closer to the Latin root anima (Russian "soul"). Currently, the term "anime" has already entered the international lexicon [9]. Some sources claim that the word "anime" comes from the French expression dessin animé ("cartoon")[10][11], but this issue is controversial[12]. In J*panese, the word "anime" refers to any animation, regardless of its style and country of production[13][14]. Until the mid-1970s, the term "manga-eiga" ("movie comics") was used instead.[15] As J*panese animation spread beyond J*pan, the word began to enter other languages, including Russian, as a designation for animation produced in J*pan or having stylistic features characteristic of it

Sources for the plot of anime series are most often: manga (J*panese comics)[5], light novel (light novel) or computer g...
02/05/2022

Sources for the plot of anime series are most often: manga (J*panese comics)[5], light novel (light novel) or computer games (usually in the "visual novel" genre)[6]. A film adaptation usually retains the graphic style and other features of the original. Less commonly used are other sources, such as works of classical literature. There are also anime that have a completely original plot (in this case, the anime itself can serve as a source for creating book and manga versions of it). The meaning of the term "anime" may vary depending on the context[7]. In Western countries, anime is the object of research by cultural scientists, sociologists and anthropologists - Eri Izawa, Scott MacLeod, Susan Napier, Sharon Kinsella and others.

Anime ([ɐnʲɪ'mɛ] cf., indefinitely, J*panese アニメ (inf.) [anʲime], from English animation - "animation" [1]) - J*panese a...
02/05/2022

Anime ([ɐnʲɪ'mɛ] cf., indefinitely, J*panese アニメ (inf.) [anʲime], from English animation - "animation" [1]) - J*panese animation [2]. Unlike cartoons in other countries, which are mainly intended for viewing by children, most of the produced anime is designed for teenage and adult audiences, and in many respects due to this it has a high popularity in the world [3]. Anime is distinguished by the characteristic manner of drawing characters and backgrounds[1]. It is published in the form of television series, as well as films distributed on video media or intended for film screening[4]. Plots can describe many characters, differ in a variety of places and eras, genres and styles

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