07/14/2026
Mountain lion hunting, when carefully regulated, is an important part of managing predator populations, protecting rural livelihoods, and reducing conflicts around homes, farms, and communities.
In Lake County, California, mountain lions reportedly killed 15 alpacas over just three nights in August 2025. None of the animals were eaten, and after nonlethal efforts failed, wildlife officials issued a lethal depredation permit. In Camptonville, another lion was euthanized after killing four goats beside a daycare facility. A GPS-collared lion in Mendocino County was also removed after preying on 12 sheep.
Those aren’t isolated concerns. Mountain lions can kill calves, sheep, goats, alpacas, horses, pets, and other domestic animals. Once a lion learns that fenced livestock or pets provide an easier meal than wild prey, the losses can continue until the individual animal is removed. In states without a regulated hunting season, that often means waiting until the damage has already occurred and then paying government employees or professional contractors to kill the same lion that a licensed hunter could have harvested.
Predator management can also be critical to the recovery of vulnerable wildlife populations. In California’s Sierra Nevada, mountain lion predation became serious enough that federal protection of the endangered Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep specifically allowed managers to control lions threatening the remaining herds. Research in California’s Mojave Desert found mountain lions responsible for 75 percent of the investigated bighorn sheep deaths in one study area. In small or newly restored herds, one lion that specializes in hunting sheep can erase years of expensive conservation work.
Mountain lions also influence deer and elk populations. They are natural predators and belong on the landscape, but their effects aren’t identical everywhere. USGS research in California identified pumas as the leading cause of mortality among adult female mule deer in the study population. When deer herds are already struggling with habitat loss, drought, severe winters, disease, vehicle collisions, and other predators, wildlife managers need the ability to consider mountain lion predation as one part of the larger picture.
Public safety is another reason management can’t begin and end with telling people to coexist. Mountain lion attacks remain uncommon, but uncommon doesn’t mean impossible. In March 2024, a healthy 90-pound male lion killed one man and injured another in El Dorado County, California. DNA testing confirmed that the lion euthanized afterward was the animal responsible. Waiting until a predator attacks someone isn’t a management strategy.
Responsible management also helps preserve public tolerance for mountain lions. Ranchers who repeatedly lose animals, families who lose pets, and communities experiencing lions around homes are far less likely to support predator conservation when they believe wildlife agencies are unwilling or legally unable to respond. Carefully regulated hunting can reduce conflict, provide biological data, generate conservation revenue, and maintain the social acceptance that large predators need to survive alongside people.
Colorado offers a strong example. The state estimates that it supports approximately 3,800 to 4,400 independent mountain lions, not counting kittens. Colorado Parks and Wildlife says lion populations have grown since the species was classified as regulated big game in 1965. Hunters must follow unit-specific harvest limits, and every harvested lion is inspected by trained wildlife personnel so agencies can collect biological and law-enforcement data. That is management, not eradication.
And mountain lions aren’t hunted only for a hide or a trophy. Cougar meat is highly prized by many hunters and is commonly compared to lean pork or veal. Properly handled and thoroughly cooked, it provides excellent table fare and allows the hunter to make meaningful use of the animal.
Mountain lions are an important part of the landscape, but respecting a predator doesn’t require pretending it should never be managed. Healthy lion populations, healthy prey herds, working ranches, and safe rural communities can coexist when wildlife decisions are based on science rather than emotion.
Nicely done by .arrow_outdoors:
“A silent hunter was taken off the mountain.”